See bruk on Wiktionary
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "aig",
"2": "adj"
},
"expansion": "bruk",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Antigua and Barbuda Creole English",
"lang_code": "aig",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Antigua and Barbuda Creole English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 12 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "14 11 8 14 9 13 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 8 5 3 0 4 0 0 1 6 1 1 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 12 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 10 7 13 8 11 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 7 7 4 0 6 0 0 1 9 1 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"broke"
],
"id": "en-bruk-aig-adj-rY~a8iyA",
"links": [
[
"broke",
"broke"
]
]
}
],
"word": "bruk"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "romanization",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "bruk",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bruk",
"name": "got-rom"
}
],
"lang": "Gothic",
"lang_code": "got",
"pos": "romanization",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌺"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Gothic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Gothic romanizations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 12 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "14 11 8 14 9 13 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 8 5 3 0 4 0 0 1 6 1 1 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 12 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 10 7 13 8 11 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 7 7 4 0 6 0 0 1 9 1 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"romanization of 𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌺"
],
"id": "en-bruk-got-romanization-ACEPNy6M",
"links": [
[
"𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌺",
"𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌺#Gothic"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"romanization"
]
}
],
"word": "bruk"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "jv",
"2": "romanization",
"head": "",
"sc": "Latn"
},
"expansion": "bruk",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bruk",
"name": "jv-rom"
}
],
"lang": "Javanese",
"lang_code": "jv",
"pos": "romanization",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "ꦧꦿꦸꦏ꧀"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Javanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Javanese romanizations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Javanese terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 12 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"romanization of ꦧꦿꦸꦏ꧀"
],
"id": "en-bruk-jv-romanization-n9MxhnbV",
"links": [
[
"ꦧꦿꦸꦏ꧀",
"ꦧꦿꦸꦏ꧀#Javanese"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"romanization"
]
}
],
"word": "bruk"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"वृक्क",
"वृक्क#Sanskrit"
],
[
"*wr̥tkás",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/wr̥tkás"
],
[
"گرده",
"گرده#Persian"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kls",
"2": "sa",
"3": "वृक्क"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit वृक्क (vṛkka)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kls",
"2": "iir-pro",
"3": "*wr̥tkás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *wr̥tkás",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "گرده",
"tr": "gorde"
},
"expansion": "Persian گرده (gorde)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Sanskrit वृक्क (vṛkka), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *wr̥tkás; compare Persian گرده (gorde).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "بروُک",
"tags": [
"Arabic"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kls",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "Arabic",
"6": "بروُک",
"f1sc": "Latn",
"head": "",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "bruk (Arabic بروُک)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"ar": "بروُک"
},
"expansion": "bruk (Arabic بروُک)",
"name": "kls-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Kalasha",
"lang_code": "kls",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Kalasha entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 12 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "kls",
"name": "Anatomy",
"orig": "kls:Anatomy",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "14 11 8 14 9 13 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 8 5 3 0 4 0 0 1 6 1 1 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 12 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 10 7 13 8 11 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 7 7 4 0 6 0 0 1 9 1 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"kidney"
],
"id": "en-bruk-kls-noun-HfH8w8ta",
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"kidney",
"kidney"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(anatomy) kidney"
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"word": "bruk"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "brùk",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "bruki",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "verb form",
"head": "brùk"
},
"expansion": "brùk",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"brùk"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"brùk"
]
}
],
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"lang_code": "lt",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lithuanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 12 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "brukti"
}
],
"glosses": [
"second-person singular imperative of brukti"
],
"id": "en-bruk-lt-verb-YEa1ErIE",
"links": [
[
"brukti",
"brukti#Lithuanian"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈbrʊk]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʊk"
}
],
"word": "bruk"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"bruk",
"bruk#Upper_Sorbian"
],
[
"brouk",
"brouk#Czech"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "bruk"
},
"expansion": "Upper Sorbian bruk",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "brouk"
},
"expansion": "Czech brouk",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Cognate with Upper Sorbian bruk and Czech brouk.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bruck",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "dsb-decl-noun-19",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "bruk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "bruki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bruka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brukowu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "brukow",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "brukoju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brukoma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "brukam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bruka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brukowu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "bruki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "brukow",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "brukom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brukoma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "brukami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bruku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brukoma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "brukach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-an",
"dim": "bruck"
},
"expansion": "bruk m anim (diminutive bruck)",
"name": "dsb-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"bruk"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"bruk"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bru",
"2": "k",
"animate": "1"
},
"name": "dsb-decl-noun-19"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bruk",
"10": "bruka",
"11": "brukowu",
"12": "bruki, brukow",
"13": "brukom",
"14": "brukoma",
"15": "brukami",
"16": "bruku",
"17": "brukoma",
"18": "brukach",
"2": "bruka",
"3": "bruki",
"4": "bruka",
"5": "brukowu",
"6": "brukow",
"7": "brukoju",
"8": "brukoma",
"9": "brukam",
"name": "bruk"
},
"name": "dsb-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"lang_code": "dsb",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lower Sorbian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 12 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "dsb",
"name": "Beetles",
"orig": "dsb:Beetles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "14 11 8 14 9 13 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 8 5 3 0 4 0 0 1 6 1 1 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 12 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 10 7 13 8 11 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 7 7 4 0 6 0 0 1 9 1 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "brucaś"
},
{
"word": "brucyk"
},
{
"word": "brucyś"
},
{
"word": "brukaś"
}
],
"glosses": [
"beetle (insect)"
],
"id": "en-bruk-dsb-noun-blcW4B1E",
"links": [
[
"beetle",
"beetle"
]
],
"tags": [
"animate",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbruk/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uk"
}
],
"word": "bruk"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"bruk",
"bruk#Middle_Low_German"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "gml",
"3": "bruk"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German bruk",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Low German bruk.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bruken",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruket",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "bruken",
"ds2": "bruket",
"g2": "n",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "bruk m or n (definite singular bruken or bruket, uncountable)",
"name": "nb-noun-irreg"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"derived": [
{
"sense": "Terms derived from bruk (Noun 1)",
"word": "brukbar"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from bruk (Noun 1)",
"word": "brukskonto"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from bruk (Noun 1)",
"word": "bruksområde"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from bruk (Noun 1)",
"word": "gjenbruk"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from bruk (Noun 1)",
"word": "misbruk"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from bruk (Noun 1)",
"word": "språkbruk"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from bruk (Noun 1)",
"word": "vannbruk"
}
],
"glosses": [
"use (noun)"
],
"id": "en-bruk-nb-noun-7DjomSiV",
"links": [
[
"use",
"use"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"neuter",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"word": "bruk"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"bruk",
"bruk#Middle_Low_German"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "gml",
"3": "bruk"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German bruk",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Low German bruk.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bruket",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruk",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bruka",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "brukene",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bruk n (definite singular bruket, indefinite plural bruk, definite plural bruka or brukene)",
"name": "nb-noun-n1"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"derived": [
{
"sense": "Terms derived from bruk (Noun 2)",
"word": "forbruk"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from bruk (Noun 2)",
"word": "gårdsbruk"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from bruk (Noun 2)",
"word": "hagebruk"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from bruk (Noun 2)",
"word": "jordbruk"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from bruk (Noun 2)",
"word": "landbruk"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from bruk (Noun 2)",
"word": "melkebruk"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from bruk (Noun 2)",
"word": "mjølkebruk"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from bruk (Noun 2)",
"word": "sagbruk"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from bruk (Noun 2)",
"word": "sauebruk"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from bruk (Noun 2)",
"word": "skogbruk"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from bruk (Noun 2)",
"word": "småbruk"
}
],
"glosses": [
"farm, works, mill, factory (industrial undertaking)"
],
"id": "en-bruk-nb-noun-JWiv0leN",
"links": [
[
"farm",
"farm"
],
[
"works",
"works"
],
[
"mill",
"mill"
],
[
"factory",
"factory"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
}
],
"word": "bruk"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"bruk",
"bruk#Middle_Low_German"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "gml",
"3": "bruk"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German bruk",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Low German bruk.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "verbf"
},
"expansion": "bruk",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "bruke"
}
],
"glosses": [
"imperative of bruke"
],
"id": "en-bruk-nb-verb-l1NBHEkh",
"links": [
[
"bruke",
"bruke#Norwegian_Bokmål"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative"
]
}
],
"word": "bruk"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"bruk",
"bruk#Middle_Low_German"
]
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "gml",
"3": "bruk"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German bruk",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Low German bruk.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bruken",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruket",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "bruken",
"ds2": "bruket",
"g2": "n",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "bruk m or n (definite singular bruken or bruket, uncountable)",
"name": "nn-noun-irreg"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "brukbar"
},
{
"word": "brukskonto"
},
{
"word": "bruksområde"
},
{
"word": "gjenbruk"
},
{
"word": "misbruk"
},
{
"word": "språkbruk"
},
{
"word": "voldsbruk"
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"use (noun)"
],
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"links": [
[
"use",
"use"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"neuter",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
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},
{
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],
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"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruk",
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"plural"
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],
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"pos": "noun",
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{
"derived": [
{
"word": "forbruk"
},
{
"word": "hagebruk"
},
{
"word": "jordbruk"
},
{
"word": "landbruk"
},
{
"word": "mjølkebruk"
},
{
"word": "sagbruk"
},
{
"word": "sauebruk"
},
{
"word": "skogbruk"
},
{
"word": "småbruk"
}
],
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"farm, works, mill, factory (industrial undertaking)"
],
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"links": [
[
"farm",
"farm"
],
[
"works",
"works"
],
[
"mill",
"mill"
],
[
"factory",
"factory"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
}
],
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},
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],
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}
],
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[
"brugge",
"brugge#German"
],
[
"Innsbruck",
"Innsbruck#German"
],
[
"bruk",
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"Bruch#German"
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{
"args": {
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{
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},
"expansion": "Germanic",
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},
{
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{
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{
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{
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "de-AT",
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},
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Bruch"
},
"expansion": "German Bruch",
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}
],
"etymology_text": "Disputed. Probably ultimately derived from Germanic. First attested in 1476.\n* Per Bruckner and Boryś, borrowed from German (Central dialects) brugge (“bridge, street”) with the semantic shift explained with the fact that bridge surfaces were generally hardened with stones.\n* Per Mańczak, this is phonetically impossible, and claims borrowed from Middle High German, as the second element of Austrian German Innsbruck.\n* Per Bańowski, borrowed from Middle Low German bruk (“broken off piece of stone, etc.”), cognate with modern German Bruch.",
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{
"form": "bruk m animacy unattested",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
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"args": {
"1": "m-an!"
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"categories": [
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},
{
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},
{
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"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
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},
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4
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"ref": "1884 [1476], Ignacy Polkowski, editor, Katalog rękopisów kapitulnych katedry krakowskiej. Cz. 1, Kodexa rękopiśmienne 1-228, volume III, page 108:",
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},
{
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45,
49
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{
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155,
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"text": "Licostratus licostriges vel licostratum dicit Brito esse variationem coloris pauimenti et quodcumque aliud opus dummodo fit ex lapidibus diuesorum colorum brvk",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
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"cobblestone surface (surface, e.g. floor or stone road surface paved with stones)"
],
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"links": [
[
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"cobblestone"
],
[
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"surface"
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]
}
],
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{
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},
{
"ipa": "/bruk/",
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}
],
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}
{
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"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "na bruku"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"adverb"
],
"word": "na bruk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "brukowiec"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "sięgnąć bruku"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
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},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
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}
],
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[
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"bruk#Old_Polish"
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"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish bruk.",
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"tags": [
"adjective"
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},
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},
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},
{
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},
{
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},
{
"form": "brukiem",
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{
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},
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},
{
"form": "burk",
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"Middle",
"Polish"
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}
],
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],
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{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "41 22 5 32",
"kind": "other",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
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{
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},
{
"_dis": "42 29 22 7",
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"ref": "1969, Seweryn Orzełowski, Budowa podwozi i nadwozi samochodowych, 18th edition, Wydawnictwa Szkolne i Pedagogiczne, page 379:",
"text": "Na podstawie obserwowanej eksploatacji wyznacza się [...] procentowe udziały pracy na drogach o różnych rodzajach nawierzchni (asfalt, bruk, drogi gruntowe)[...]",
"translation": "On the basis of the observed exploitation one determines the percentage of action on roads with different kinds of pavement (asphalt, cobblestones, dirt roads) …",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
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[
56,
60
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68,
80
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"english": "The police is monitoring the ruined Wilcza [Wolf] Street. On it lie cobblestones, glass, and metal poles.",
"ref": "2013 November 11, “Wyrwany bruk, rozbite samochody. Skutki zamieszek”, in Rzeczpospolita, archived from the original on 11 Jan 2023:",
"text": "Policja pilnuje zniszczonej ulicy Wilczej. Leży na niej bruk, szkło i metalowe słupki.",
"translation": "The police is monitoring the ruined Wilcza [Wolf] Street. On it lie cobblestones, glass, and metal poles.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
35,
39
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],
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54
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],
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"ref": "2021 September 11, Aleksandra Beldowicz, “Poznań stawia na rośliny w centrum miasta”, in Rzeczpospolita, archived from the original on 20 Sep 2021:",
"text": "[...] władze miasta planują usuwać bruk i sadzić rośliny [...]",
"translation": "… the city government plans to remove the cobblestones and plant plants …",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
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56,
61
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],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
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74
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],
"english": "In these days, on Gęsia [Goose] Street, the repair of the asphalt pavement was begun; however, the work was momentarily stopped.",
"ref": "1934 June 13, “Zamach na asfalt magistracki”, in Józef Matuszczyk, editor, ABC: pismo codzienne informuje wszystkich o wszystkiem, number 161, Warszawa: Mazowiecka Spółka Wydawnicza, archived from the original on 11 Jan 2023, page 4:",
"text": "W tych dniach na ul. Gęsiej przystąpiono do naprawiania bruku asfaltowego, jednakże robotę chwilowo przerwano.",
"translation": "In these days, on Gęsia [Goose] Street, the repair of the asphalt pavement was begun; however, the work was momentarily stopped.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
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],
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"links": [
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],
"tags": [
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},
{
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}
],
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],
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"links": [
[
"geology",
"geology"
],
[
"duricrust",
"duricrust"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(geology) duricrust (rocky cover of the earth's crust formed on a layer of mixed composition)"
],
"tags": [
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"masculine"
],
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"geology",
"natural-sciences"
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},
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},
{
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},
{
"_dis": "30 11 44 15",
"kind": "other",
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"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"stone fence (fence of mossy, blackened stones)"
],
"id": "en-bruk-pl-noun-82rleYb0",
"links": [
[
"stone",
"stone"
],
[
"fence",
"fence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Far Masovian, Łomża) stone fence (fence of mossy, blackened stones)"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "20 12 2 66",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 22 5 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries referencing missing etymons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 22 6 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 21 6 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 21 13 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 24 7 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 22 6 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"revelry; brawl"
],
"id": "en-bruk-pl-noun-oDwHteId",
"links": [
[
"revelry",
"revelry"
],
[
"brawl",
"brawl"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish, figuratively) revelry; brawl"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "burda"
},
{
"word": "hulanka"
}
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish",
"figuratively",
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbruk/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbruk/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈbruk]",
"note": "Far Masovian"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uk"
},
{
"homophone": "bróg"
},
{
"homophone": "Bróg"
},
{
"homophone": "Brug"
},
{
"homophone": "Bruk"
}
],
"word": "bruk"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "bruksanvisning"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "bruksindustri"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "bruksmiljö"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "mill town",
"translation": "mill town",
"word": "bruksort"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "brukspatron"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "glasbruk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"topics": [
"agriculture",
"business",
"lifestyle"
],
"word": "jordbruk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "iron works, iron mill",
"translation": "iron works, iron mill",
"word": "järnbruk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "murbruk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "natural resource use",
"translation": "natural resource use",
"word": "naturbruk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "paper mill",
"translation": "paper mill",
"word": "pappersbruk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"topics": [
"forestry",
"business"
],
"word": "skogsbruk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "aquaculture",
"translation": "aquaculture",
"word": "vattenbruk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "våffelbruk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "crop rotation",
"translation": "crop rotation",
"word": "växelbruk"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"bruk",
"bruk#Low_German"
],
[
"bruken",
"bruken#Low_German"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "gml",
"3": "osx",
"4": "gmw-pro",
"5": "gem-pro"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "nds",
"3": "bruk",
"t": "use"
},
"expansion": "Low German bruk (“use”)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Low German bruk (“use”), from the verb bruken (“to use”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sv-infl-noun-n-zero",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "bruk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruket",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brukets",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bruks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bruken",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "brukens",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "n",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"g4": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "bruk n",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "n"
},
"expansion": "bruk n",
"name": "sv-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sv-infl-noun-n-zero"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "use",
"translation": "use",
"word": "bruka"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "user",
"translation": "user",
"word": "brukare"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "usable",
"translation": "usable",
"word": "brukbar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "bruklig"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "unusable",
"translation": "unusable",
"word": "obrukbar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "användning"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "hytta"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "verk"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
14,
18
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
10,
13
]
],
"english": "I have no use for it",
"text": "Jag har inget bruk för den",
"translation": "I have no use for it",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"use, usage"
],
"id": "en-bruk-sv-noun-sv:use",
"links": [
[
"use",
"use"
],
[
"usage",
"usage"
]
],
"qualifier": "regular or continuous",
"raw_glosses": [
"(regular or continuous) use, usage"
],
"senseid": [
"sv:use"
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"use, usage",
"cultivation, tillage, etc. (use of soil, land, or other resources)"
],
"id": "en-bruk-sv-noun-sv:use1",
"links": [
[
"use",
"use"
],
[
"usage",
"usage"
],
[
"cultivation",
"cultivation"
],
[
"tillage",
"tillage"
]
],
"qualifier": "regular or continuous",
"raw_glosses": [
"(regular or continuous) use, usage",
"(in compounds) cultivation, tillage, etc. (use of soil, land, or other resources)"
],
"senseid": [
"sv:use"
],
"tags": [
"in-compounds",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
10,
14
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
12,
21
]
],
"english": "customs and practices",
"text": "seder och bruk",
"translation": "customs and practices",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"practice (general habit of some group of people)"
],
"id": "en-bruk-sv-noun-lyF~DC1F",
"links": [
[
"practice",
"practice"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable, uncountable) practice (general habit of some group of people)"
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"neuter",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 5 4 4 6 7 1 3 3 1 3 3 3 3 9 6 2 10 1 2 3 12 2 1 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tok Pisin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 4 14 73 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
14,
20
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
12,
20
]
],
"english": "He works at the mill",
"text": "Han jobbar på bruket",
"translation": "He works at the mill",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a mill, a works (industrial facility for processing raw materials, usually dealing with iron, wood, or glass – especially one with a long history)"
],
"id": "en-bruk-sv-noun-6ilYEcNH",
"links": [
[
"mill",
"mill"
],
[
"works",
"works"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "More mortar in the trough, boys",
"text": "1948, Ulf Peder Olrog, song title\nMera bruk i baljan, boys",
"translation": "More mortar in the trough, boys",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"mortar (mixture of cement)"
],
"id": "en-bruk-sv-noun-pLdBQuAB",
"links": [
[
"mortar",
"mortar"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "murbruk"
}
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "Sv-bruk.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8a/Sv-bruk.ogg/Sv-bruk.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8a/Sv-bruk.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʉːk"
}
],
"word": "bruk"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"break",
"break#English"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tpi",
"2": "en",
"3": "break"
},
"expansion": "English break",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From English break.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bruk intrans.",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "transitive brukim",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tpi",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "bruk",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "i",
"2": "brukim"
},
"expansion": "bruk intrans., transitive brukim",
"name": "tpi-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Tok Pisin",
"lang_code": "tpi",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
87,
91
]
],
"english": "→New International Version translation",
"ref": "1989, Buk Baibel long Tok Pisin, Port Moresby: Bible Society of Papua New Guinea, Jenesis 2:10:",
"text": "Na wanpela wara i kamap long Iden bilong givim wara long dispela gaden. Dispela wara i bruk na i kamap 4-pela han wara",
"translation": "→New International Version translation",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"break"
],
"id": "en-bruk-tpi-verb-FOvlalAI",
"links": [
[
"break",
"break"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) break"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"word": "bruk"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"break",
"break#English"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tpi",
"2": "en",
"3": "break"
},
"expansion": "English break",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From English break.",
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{
"args": {
"1": "tpi",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "bruk",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Tok Pisin",
"lang_code": "tpi",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"broken"
],
"id": "en-bruk-tpi-adj-9SZ5XJU5",
"links": [
[
"broken",
"broken"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "brukim"
}
]
}
],
"word": "bruk"
}
{
"categories": [
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"Pages with entries",
"Tok Pisin adjectives",
"Tok Pisin entries with incorrect language header",
"Tok Pisin intransitive verbs",
"Tok Pisin lemmas",
"Tok Pisin terms derived from English",
"Tok Pisin verbs"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "aig",
"2": "adj"
},
"expansion": "bruk",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Antigua and Barbuda Creole English",
"lang_code": "aig",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Antigua and Barbuda Creole English adjectives",
"Antigua and Barbuda Creole English entries with incorrect language header",
"Antigua and Barbuda Creole English lemmas",
"Pages with 12 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"broke"
],
"links": [
[
"broke",
"broke"
]
]
}
],
"word": "bruk"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 12 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Tok Pisin adjectives",
"Tok Pisin entries with incorrect language header",
"Tok Pisin intransitive verbs",
"Tok Pisin lemmas",
"Tok Pisin terms derived from English",
"Tok Pisin verbs"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "romanization",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "bruk",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bruk",
"name": "got-rom"
}
],
"lang": "Gothic",
"lang_code": "got",
"pos": "romanization",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌺"
}
],
"categories": [
"Gothic entries with incorrect language header",
"Gothic non-lemma forms",
"Gothic romanizations",
"Pages with 12 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"romanization of 𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌺"
],
"links": [
[
"𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌺",
"𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌺#Gothic"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"romanization"
]
}
],
"word": "bruk"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 12 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Tok Pisin adjectives",
"Tok Pisin entries with incorrect language header",
"Tok Pisin intransitive verbs",
"Tok Pisin lemmas",
"Tok Pisin terms derived from English",
"Tok Pisin verbs"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "jv",
"2": "romanization",
"head": "",
"sc": "Latn"
},
"expansion": "bruk",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bruk",
"name": "jv-rom"
}
],
"lang": "Javanese",
"lang_code": "jv",
"pos": "romanization",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "ꦧꦿꦸꦏ꧀"
}
],
"categories": [
"Javanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Javanese non-lemma forms",
"Javanese romanizations",
"Javanese terms with redundant script codes",
"Pages with 12 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"romanization of ꦧꦿꦸꦏ꧀"
],
"links": [
[
"ꦧꦿꦸꦏ꧀",
"ꦧꦿꦸꦏ꧀#Javanese"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"romanization"
]
}
],
"word": "bruk"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 12 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Tok Pisin adjectives",
"Tok Pisin entries with incorrect language header",
"Tok Pisin intransitive verbs",
"Tok Pisin lemmas",
"Tok Pisin terms derived from English",
"Tok Pisin verbs"
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"वृक्क",
"वृक्क#Sanskrit"
],
[
"*wr̥tkás",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/wr̥tkás"
],
[
"گرده",
"گرده#Persian"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kls",
"2": "sa",
"3": "वृक्क"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit वृक्क (vṛkka)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kls",
"2": "iir-pro",
"3": "*wr̥tkás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *wr̥tkás",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "گرده",
"tr": "gorde"
},
"expansion": "Persian گرده (gorde)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Sanskrit वृक्क (vṛkka), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *wr̥tkás; compare Persian گرده (gorde).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "بروُک",
"tags": [
"Arabic"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kls",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "Arabic",
"6": "بروُک",
"f1sc": "Latn",
"head": "",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "bruk (Arabic بروُک)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"ar": "بروُک"
},
"expansion": "bruk (Arabic بروُک)",
"name": "kls-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Kalasha",
"lang_code": "kls",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Kalasha entries with incorrect language header",
"Kalasha lemmas",
"Kalasha nouns",
"Kalasha terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"Kalasha terms derived from Sanskrit",
"Kalasha terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"Kalasha terms inherited from Sanskrit",
"Pages with 12 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"kls:Anatomy"
],
"glosses": [
"kidney"
],
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"kidney",
"kidney"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(anatomy) kidney"
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"word": "bruk"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 12 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Tok Pisin adjectives",
"Tok Pisin entries with incorrect language header",
"Tok Pisin intransitive verbs",
"Tok Pisin lemmas",
"Tok Pisin terms derived from English",
"Tok Pisin verbs"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "brùk",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "bruki",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "verb form",
"head": "brùk"
},
"expansion": "brùk",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"brùk"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"brùk"
]
}
],
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"lang_code": "lt",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Lithuanian 1-syllable words",
"Lithuanian entries with incorrect language header",
"Lithuanian non-lemma forms",
"Lithuanian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Lithuanian verb forms",
"Pages with 12 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Lithuanian/ʊk",
"Rhymes:Lithuanian/ʊk/1 syllable"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "brukti"
}
],
"glosses": [
"second-person singular imperative of brukti"
],
"links": [
[
"brukti",
"brukti#Lithuanian"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈbrʊk]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʊk"
}
],
"word": "bruk"
}
{
"categories": [
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"Tok Pisin entries with incorrect language header",
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"Tok Pisin verbs"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "brucaś"
},
{
"word": "brucyk"
},
{
"word": "brucyś"
},
{
"word": "brukaś"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"bruk",
"bruk#Upper_Sorbian"
],
[
"brouk",
"brouk#Czech"
]
],
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{
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"1": "hsb",
"2": "bruk"
},
"expansion": "Upper Sorbian bruk",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "brouk"
},
"expansion": "Czech brouk",
"name": "cog"
}
],
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{
"form": "bruck",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "dsb-decl-noun-19",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "bruk",
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"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
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"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "bruki",
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"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bruka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brukowu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "brukow",
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"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "brukoju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brukoma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "brukam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bruka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brukowu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "bruki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "brukow",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "brukom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brukoma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "brukami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bruku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brukoma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "brukach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
}
],
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},
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}
],
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],
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{
"parts": [
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]
}
],
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"animate": "1"
},
"name": "dsb-decl-noun-19"
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{
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"15": "brukami",
"16": "bruku",
"17": "brukoma",
"18": "brukach",
"2": "bruka",
"3": "bruki",
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"6": "brukow",
"7": "brukoju",
"8": "brukoma",
"9": "brukam",
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"Pages with entries",
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"Rhymes:Lower Sorbian/uk/1 syllable",
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],
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[
"beetle",
"beetle"
]
],
"tags": [
"animate",
"masculine"
]
}
],
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{
"ipa": "/ˈbruk/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uk"
}
],
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}
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"Tok Pisin verbs"
],
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{
"sense": "Terms derived from bruk (Noun 1)",
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},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from bruk (Noun 1)",
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},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from bruk (Noun 1)",
"word": "bruksområde"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from bruk (Noun 1)",
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},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from bruk (Noun 1)",
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},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from bruk (Noun 1)",
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},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from bruk (Noun 1)",
"word": "vannbruk"
}
],
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[
"bruk",
"bruk#Middle_Low_German"
]
],
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{
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"1": "nb",
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"3": "bruk"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German bruk",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Low German bruk.",
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{
"form": "bruken",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruket",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
}
],
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},
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}
],
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{
"glosses": [
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],
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[
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]
],
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]
}
],
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}
{
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"Pages with entries",
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"Tok Pisin terms derived from English",
"Tok Pisin verbs"
],
"derived": [
{
"sense": "Terms derived from bruk (Noun 2)",
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},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from bruk (Noun 2)",
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},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from bruk (Noun 2)",
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},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from bruk (Noun 2)",
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},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from bruk (Noun 2)",
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},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from bruk (Noun 2)",
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},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from bruk (Noun 2)",
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},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from bruk (Noun 2)",
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},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from bruk (Noun 2)",
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},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from bruk (Noun 2)",
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},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from bruk (Noun 2)",
"word": "småbruk"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"bruk",
"bruk#Middle_Low_German"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "gml",
"3": "bruk"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German bruk",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Low German bruk.",
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{
"form": "bruket",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruk",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bruka",
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"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "brukene",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
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}
],
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"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"farm, works, mill, factory (industrial undertaking)"
],
"links": [
[
"farm",
"farm"
],
[
"works",
"works"
],
[
"mill",
"mill"
],
[
"factory",
"factory"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
}
],
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}
{
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"Pages with entries",
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"Tok Pisin entries with incorrect language header",
"Tok Pisin intransitive verbs",
"Tok Pisin lemmas",
"Tok Pisin terms derived from English",
"Tok Pisin verbs"
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"bruk",
"bruk#Middle_Low_German"
]
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "gml",
"3": "bruk"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German bruk",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Low German bruk.",
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{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "verbf"
},
"expansion": "bruk",
"name": "head"
}
],
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{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "bruke"
}
],
"glosses": [
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],
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[
"bruke",
"bruke#Norwegian_Bokmål"
]
],
"tags": [
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"imperative"
]
}
],
"word": "bruk"
}
{
"categories": [
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"Pages with entries",
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"Tok Pisin entries with incorrect language header",
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"Tok Pisin lemmas",
"Tok Pisin terms derived from English",
"Tok Pisin verbs"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "brukbar"
},
{
"word": "brukskonto"
},
{
"word": "bruksområde"
},
{
"word": "gjenbruk"
},
{
"word": "misbruk"
},
{
"word": "språkbruk"
},
{
"word": "voldsbruk"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"bruk",
"bruk#Middle_Low_German"
]
],
"etymology_number": "1",
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{
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"2": "gml",
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},
"expansion": "Middle Low German bruk",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Low German bruk.",
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{
"form": "bruken",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruket",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
}
],
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{
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},
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}
],
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{
"glosses": [
"use (noun)"
],
"links": [
[
"use",
"use"
]
],
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"neuter",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/brʉːk/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q9043 (nor)-Telaneo-bruk.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/66/LL-Q9043_%28nor%29-Telaneo-bruk.wav/LL-Q9043_%28nor%29-Telaneo-bruk.wav.mp3",
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}
],
"word": "bruk"
}
{
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"Pages with entries",
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"Tok Pisin entries with incorrect language header",
"Tok Pisin intransitive verbs",
"Tok Pisin lemmas",
"Tok Pisin terms derived from English",
"Tok Pisin verbs"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "forbruk"
},
{
"word": "hagebruk"
},
{
"word": "jordbruk"
},
{
"word": "landbruk"
},
{
"word": "mjølkebruk"
},
{
"word": "sagbruk"
},
{
"word": "sauebruk"
},
{
"word": "skogbruk"
},
{
"word": "småbruk"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"bruk",
"bruk#Middle_Low_German"
]
],
"etymology_number": "1",
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{
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"2": "gml",
"3": "bruk"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German bruk",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Low German bruk.",
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{
"form": "bruket",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruk",
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"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bruka",
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"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
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}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
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"pos": "noun",
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{
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"farm, works, mill, factory (industrial undertaking)"
],
"links": [
[
"farm",
"farm"
],
[
"works",
"works"
],
[
"mill",
"mill"
],
[
"factory",
"factory"
]
],
"tags": [
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]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
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},
{
"audio": "LL-Q9043 (nor)-Telaneo-bruk.wav",
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}
],
"word": "bruk"
}
{
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"Pages with entries",
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"Tok Pisin entries with incorrect language header",
"Tok Pisin intransitive verbs",
"Tok Pisin lemmas",
"Tok Pisin terms derived from English",
"Tok Pisin verbs"
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "bruk",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "verb",
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{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "bruka"
}
],
"glosses": [
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],
"links": [
[
"bruka",
"bruka#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
]
],
"tags": [
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"imperative"
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},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "bruke"
}
],
"glosses": [
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],
"links": [
[
"bruke",
"bruke#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/brʉːk/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q9043 (nor)-Telaneo-bruk.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/66/LL-Q9043_%28nor%29-Telaneo-bruk.wav/LL-Q9043_%28nor%29-Telaneo-bruk.wav.mp3",
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}
],
"word": "bruk"
}
{
"categories": [
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"Pages with entries",
"Tok Pisin adjectives",
"Tok Pisin entries with incorrect language header",
"Tok Pisin intransitive verbs",
"Tok Pisin lemmas",
"Tok Pisin terms derived from English",
"Tok Pisin verbs"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "bruk"
},
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"raw_tags": [
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"Far Masovian",
"Podhale",
"Zagórze"
],
"word": "burk"
},
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"raw_tags": [
"Middle Polish"
],
"word": "burg"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"brugge",
"brugge#German"
],
[
"Innsbruck",
"Innsbruck#German"
],
[
"bruk",
"bruk#Middle_Low_German"
],
[
"Bruch",
"Bruch#German"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"title": "Disputed"
},
"expansion": "Disputed",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "d",
"3": "D"
},
"expansion": "d",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "derived"
},
"expansion": "derived",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
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"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Germanic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
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"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "derived from Germanic",
"name": "der+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1476"
},
"expansion": "First attested in 1476",
"name": "etydate"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "de",
"3": "brugge<t:bridge, street><q:Central dialects>",
"nocap": "1",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "borrowed from German (Central dialects) brugge (“bridge, street”)",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "-",
"nocap": "1",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "borrowed from Middle High German",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de-AT",
"2": "Innsbruck"
},
"expansion": "Austrian German Innsbruck",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
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"3": "bruk<t:broken off piece of stone, etc.>",
"nocap": "1",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "borrowed from Middle Low German bruk (“broken off piece of stone, etc.”)",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Bruch"
},
"expansion": "German Bruch",
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}
],
"etymology_text": "Disputed. Probably ultimately derived from Germanic. First attested in 1476.\n* Per Bruckner and Boryś, borrowed from German (Central dialects) brugge (“bridge, street”) with the semantic shift explained with the fact that bridge surfaces were generally hardened with stones.\n* Per Mańczak, this is phonetically impossible, and claims borrowed from Middle High German, as the second element of Austrian German Innsbruck.\n* Per Bańowski, borrowed from Middle Low German bruk (“broken off piece of stone, etc.”), cognate with modern German Bruch.",
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"ref": "1884 [1476], Ignacy Polkowski, editor, Katalog rękopisów kapitulnych katedry krakowskiej. Cz. 1, Kodexa rękopiśmienne 1-228, volume III, page 108:",
"text": "Bruk licostratus",
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45,
49
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"ref": "1898-2024 [1488], Rocznik Krakowski, volume XVI, Krakow, page 56:",
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"ref": "c. 1500, Wokabularz lubiński, Lubiń: inkunabuł Archiwum Archidiecezjalnego w Gnieźnie, sygn. Inc. 78d., page 75r:",
"text": "Licostratus licostriges vel licostratum dicit Brito esse variationem coloris pauimenti et quodcumque aliud opus dummodo fit ex lapidibus diuesorum colorum brvk",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
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]
}
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{
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"ref": "1969, Seweryn Orzełowski, Budowa podwozi i nadwozi samochodowych, 18th edition, Wydawnictwa Szkolne i Pedagogiczne, page 379:",
"text": "Na podstawie obserwowanej eksploatacji wyznacza się [...] procentowe udziały pracy na drogach o różnych rodzajach nawierzchni (asfalt, bruk, drogi gruntowe)[...]",
"translation": "On the basis of the observed exploitation one determines the percentage of action on roads with different kinds of pavement (asphalt, cobblestones, dirt roads) …",
"type": "quotation"
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56,
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"ref": "2013 November 11, “Wyrwany bruk, rozbite samochody. Skutki zamieszek”, in Rzeczpospolita, archived from the original on 11 Jan 2023:",
"text": "Policja pilnuje zniszczonej ulicy Wilczej. Leży na niej bruk, szkło i metalowe słupki.",
"translation": "The police is monitoring the ruined Wilcza [Wolf] Street. On it lie cobblestones, glass, and metal poles.",
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35,
39
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"ref": "2021 September 11, Aleksandra Beldowicz, “Poznań stawia na rośliny w centrum miasta”, in Rzeczpospolita, archived from the original on 20 Sep 2021:",
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"ref": "1934 June 13, “Zamach na asfalt magistracki”, in Józef Matuszczyk, editor, ABC: pismo codzienne informuje wszystkich o wszystkiem, number 161, Warszawa: Mazowiecka Spółka Wydawnicza, archived from the original on 11 Jan 2023, page 4:",
"text": "W tych dniach na ul. Gęsiej przystąpiono do naprawiania bruku asfaltowego, jednakże robotę chwilowo przerwano.",
"translation": "In these days, on Gęsia [Goose] Street, the repair of the asphalt pavement was begun; however, the work was momentarily stopped.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
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],
"glosses": [
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},
{
"homophone": "Bróg"
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{
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],
"word": "bruk"
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{
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{
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{
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{
"word": "våffelbruk"
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"word": "växelbruk"
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21
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"text": "1948, Ulf Peder Olrog, song title\nMera bruk i baljan, boys",
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"type": "quotation"
}
],
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],
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"rhymes": "-ʉːk"
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],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tpi",
"2": "en",
"3": "break"
},
"expansion": "English break",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From English break.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bruk intrans.",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "transitive brukim",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tpi",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "bruk",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "i",
"2": "brukim"
},
"expansion": "bruk intrans., transitive brukim",
"name": "tpi-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Tok Pisin",
"lang_code": "tpi",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Tok Pisin intransitive verbs",
"Tok Pisin terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
87,
91
]
],
"english": "→New International Version translation",
"ref": "1989, Buk Baibel long Tok Pisin, Port Moresby: Bible Society of Papua New Guinea, Jenesis 2:10:",
"text": "Na wanpela wara i kamap long Iden bilong givim wara long dispela gaden. Dispela wara i bruk na i kamap 4-pela han wara",
"translation": "→New International Version translation",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"break"
],
"links": [
[
"break",
"break"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) break"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"word": "bruk"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 12 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Tok Pisin adjectives",
"Tok Pisin entries with incorrect language header",
"Tok Pisin intransitive verbs",
"Tok Pisin lemmas",
"Tok Pisin terms derived from English",
"Tok Pisin verbs"
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"break",
"break#English"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tpi",
"2": "en",
"3": "break"
},
"expansion": "English break",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From English break.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tpi",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "bruk",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Tok Pisin",
"lang_code": "tpi",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "brukim"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"broken"
],
"links": [
[
"broken",
"broken"
]
]
}
],
"word": "bruk"
}
Download raw JSONL data for bruk meaning in All languages combined (38.0kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1147",
"msg": "suspicious related form tags ['canonical']: 'bruk m animacy unattested' in 'bruk m animacy unattested'",
"path": [
"bruk"
],
"section": "Old Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "bruk",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Far Masovian, Łomża",
"path": [
"bruk"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "bruk",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Far Masovian, Łomża",
"path": [
"bruk"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "bruk",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Far Masovian, Łomża",
"path": [
"bruk"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "bruk",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Far Masovian, Łomża",
"path": [
"bruk"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "bruk",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.